The Culture of Brain Circulation by Gurmeet Bambrah

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AnnaLee Saxenian suggests that global labor markets are being transformed through the changing costs of transportation at the same time as digital technologies make long distance exchange of large amounts of information possible in real-time. International migration – historically a one-way process – she states has become a reversible choice. Scientists and engineers from developing countries – once forced to choose between settling abroad and returning home to less attractive professional opportunities now contribute to their home economies while maintaining professional ties in more advanced economies. Some even become “transnational‟ maintaining residences and citizenship, in more than one nation. The same individuals who left their home countries for better lifestyles abroad in the last quarter of the 20th century are reversing brain drain by transforming it into “brain circulation‟ as they return to their home countries to establish business relationships or start new companies. They do this by maintaining their social and professional links to industrialized countries.

For example, in the early 1980s immigrants began to transfer the Silicon Valley model of early-stage high-risk investing to Taiwan and Israel. The returning immigrants brought capital, technical and operating experience, knowledge of new business models, and networks of contacts in the United States to these countries already having the cultural and linguistic know-how needed to operate profitably in these markets. Consequently Israel and Taiwan today boast the largest VC industries outside North America, and both have and support high rates of new firm formation and growth.

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Gurmeet Bambrah, is the founder of TalentHunt360

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Ethics & Accreditation in Engineering

Ethics

TalentHunt 360’s founder and CEO Gurmeet Bambrah, PhD write on Ethics and Accreditation in Engineering:

As conflicts between self-interests of engineers and public interest emerged, client/engineer issues gained prominence in North America in early 1900s and a wave of reforms started to set in place implicit codes of ethics for engineers. Primary examples of these were the codes of ethics of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, (adopted in 1912) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society of Civil Engineers, both of which were adopted in 1914. 9, 5,14

In a second wave of reforms the Engineers Council for Professional Development (EPCD) was founded in America in 1932 – as an organization of organizations (rather than individuals) – to promote consistency in the licensing, ethics and practice of engineering. Following these developments the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (CCPE) – now Engineers Canada – was set up in 1936 to promote consistency in the engineering educational standards, regulatory and licensing practices of provincial regulators in Canada.

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American Culture of Engineering

American Institute of Electrical Engineers History Photo
American Institute of Electrical Engineers History Photo

TalentHunt 360’s founder and CEO Gurmeet Bambrah, PhD write on American Culture of Engineering:

Initially the United States combined the Military academy model with British hands-on training and self-regulation at the Military Academy at West Point in 1802. This remained the case until the 1860s. Civil engineering schools remained obsessed with balancing academic teaching and hands-on experience either independently from the universities or as colleges of engineering only loosely affiliated with universities.6 In a groundbreaking move in 1862, however through the Morrill Act, America initiated the crucial step of placing engineering education inside universities through land- grant colleges.

In a completely independent development, in early 1900s Wyoming, an American state required applicants wishing to gain access to state water to file a detailed technical application for this. It was in this context that licensing for the engineering profession was introduced to protect the public from inaccurate applications and to ensure accurate records on water abstractions. State registration became mandatory for those representing themselves to the public as engineers or land surveyors and the state board of examiners for the profession was created at the same time. So popular was this development that by 1950 all states across America had adopted the licensing tradition.

Alongside these developments engineering societies modeled on the British self-regulating model continued to grow and fragment by engineering discipline into civil, mechanical, electrical, and other forms of engineering. Examples of these included the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE, 1852), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, 1880) and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, 1884). However self-regulation by engineers never gained a stronghold in America.

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How did Engineering Begin? (Part 3- Renaissance Culture of Enlightment)

Isaac Newton Courtesy of Biography
Isaac Newton Courtesy of Biography

 

Some say the Renaissance period was the greatest in human history? Do you agree?

Find out more from TalentHunt 360’s founder and CEO Gurmeet Bambrah, PhD.

“Driven by eras of enlightenment, reformation and revolution, in Europe in the renaissance period (15th and 16th centuries) engineering increasingly became systematic and science-based in addition to drawing upon empirical experience. With major advances in printing technology in the 15th century, illustrated books of machines and manuals of technical processes were published by many inventors.

The works of Leonardo Da Vinci, filled with sketches of possible and impossible machines illustrates this. The science of chemistry evolved from medieval alchemy, and the science of astronomy evolved into natural philosophy. By the end of the 17th century, these led to a scientific revolution and science had become an established mathematical, mechanical, and empirical body of knowledge. Natural Philosophers such as Galileo Galilei, René Blaise Pascal, and Isaac Newton, among others contributed much to this evolution.”

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Science Background

How did Engineering Begin? (Part 2- Medieval Scientific Culture)

The next big cure or how better to fight cancer? These are today’s challenges, but what about back in the 11th & 12th Centuries?

TalentHunt 360’s founder and CEO Gurmeet Bambrah, PhD gives you an idea about science, mathematics and their roots in England to Italy.

“Antecedents to scientific thought4 are found in 11th and 12th centuries when ideas of ancient Greek philosophers were wed into a new body of living beliefs. These are also encountered in Arabic science and mathematics that found their way to Oxford in England and to Padua in Italy by the 12th century. Scientific discovery derived from a systematic approach to the physical sciences that combined with practical applications of science led to modern engineering. Galileo’s Two New Sciences describes the scientific approach to practical problems. This is regarded as a landmark of the beginning of structural analysis, mathematical representation and design of building structures by many historians of modern engineering.”

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How Did Engineering Begin (Part 1- Global Engineering Cultures)

 

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Have you ever thought of how a building was built, a bridge rose high, a tunnel dug deep?

These are marvels that you may have discovered through the eyes of documentaries, but let’s go deeper.

TalentHunt 360’s founder and CEO Gurmeet Bambrah, PhD takes you back in time for these ancients culture of monuments.

“Many great engineering achievements date back to ancient times. Examples of these include the wheel between 4000 and 2000 BC and the Pyramids, constructed in Egypt during 2800-2400 BC; The Great Wall of China constructed around 200 BC; Roman cities that included aqueducts, bridges and dams2 and Indian irrigation practiced as early as the 500 BC3. Though monumental even by today’s standards large–scale replication of these across time and space remained unachievable.”

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Change Your World, 11th February 2016

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